Why gig london

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Myele Manzanza. This chapter discusses the impacts of the gig economy on labor markets in Europe. The gig economy and platform work have become popular topics, while reshaping the experience of work for increasingly larger numbers of people. However, too often debates around the gig economy lack empirical insight.

This chapter seeks to introduce readers to these issues, starting with the preconditions that shape the emergence and dynamics of the gig economy. The next part examines the resulting labor market trends, including effects beyond the gig economy; the experience for workers, drawing on current research; and possible future directions, both positive and negative. The gig economy, along with the future of work, has become a popular topic of discussion.

This riffs off the ideas that work is becoming more like playing a music gig at a venue, with no guarantee of continuing work, but with workers also free to choose where to go next. The current interest in the gig economy has also been spurred by the application of digital technology and the use of platforms.

Often, when talking about the gig economy, the subject is usually platform economy—and more specifically platform work. App-based transportation—like Uber, food delivery, or other consumer-facing services—represents particularly visible changes to work. Throughout this chapter, the focus will be narrower than the gig economy, examining how gig work is increasingly being mediated via digital platforms.

As Nick Srnicek 48 has argued:. Platforms, in sum, are a new type of firm; they are characterized by providing the infrastructure to intermediate between different user groups, by displaying monopoly tendencies driven by network effects, by employing cross-subsidization to draw in different user groups, and by having designed a core architecture that governs the interaction possibilities.

This focus is important because, although broader gig work has existed for a long time, the platformization of this work is drastically reshaping the gig economy—with the potential to create widespread impacts across the entire economy.

To give some sense of the scale, Richard Heeks estimates that around seventy million people have found work via a platform. Moreover, Guy Standing predicts that, by then, one third of all work will be mediated via digital platforms. The next part examines the resulting labor market trends, including effects beyond the gig economy; the experience for workers, drawing on current research; the impact on society more widely; and concludes with possible future directions, both positive and negative.

Before examining the impacts of the gig economy, it is first worth exploring the preconditions that shape its emergence. Otherwise, there is a risk of seeing the gig economy as only taking a particular form, shaped by technological factors, thereby reducing the agency of other important actors in the process.

However, both aspects of labor are shaped by preconditions, which then facilitate and encourage the growth of this kind of work. As identified by Woodcock and Graham , there are nine preconditions that shape the gig economy, involving aspects of technology, society, politics and their combination.

For example, delivery work has a high level of digital legibility as it involves a discrete task that can be mapped onto a process with defined steps. However, there are many kinds of less well-defined work that can be challenging to organize via a platform. Without this, services can be unreliable and do not meet the needs of either party. Transportation platforms excel at offering a service at any time—and often when other alternatives are not possible—and this is facilitated by technology that is cheap enough for mass uptake.

These kinds of platforms can only grow if there is an existing market for these kinds of services or one can be manufactured in various ways and customers are amenable to accessing these services via platforms. For example, domestic work platforms require—of course—a market for domestic workers that involves customers who are used to having workers in their homes.

In countries where these practices are more common, for example in South Africa, there are existing ways through which domestic workers are recruited and managed.

These often draw upon longer informal relationships, often with vouching or other forms of trust playing a key part in both. For domestic work platforms like SweepSouth or Domestly to be successful, there has to be a shift in customer attitudes and preferences toward using digital platforms instead. Similarly, in the UK and other global north countries, driving and delivery work has historically been considered as male work, while often racialized too.

In both cases, this means many workers who are not covered by effective employment regulation due to irregular status, as well as facing racist marginalization more widely. Many of these dynamics can be carried over into platform work. The first is platforms seeking a high flexible workforce that can be engaged at short notice with little commitment to continuing work. For example, delivery drivers who are paid only to make deliveries, particularly at peak times, not needing to be paid during times they are not needed.

This allows platforms to scale rapidly, while reducing staffing costs—particularly through the use of self-employment status, which will be discussed in more detail later.

However, only considering this imperative for flexibility misses the demand—and indeed often discussed benefit by workers—for more flexible working practices. Many workers want more flexibility than traditional employment offers, being able to schedule work around other aspects of life, or to be able to work more or in addition to other jobs.

While there are a variety of reasons why this may be, including the prevalence of low paid and bad quality jobs, this desire for flexibility of workers is an important factor to consider.

The first, state regulation, sets the regulatory environment that provides limits upon—or indeed facilitates—the growth of this kind of work. However, in many cases, existing regulation will not have been designed to consider the specificity of this kind of work, meaning platforms can evade or avoid regulation. Worker power, on the other hand, refers to the strength of the existing labor movement, understanding how its relative power can shape the environment in which platforms operate—tipping the scale in favor of workers and their rights.

For example, in countries with strong trade unions of taxi drivers, the entry of platforms has been frustrated or blocked. In other cases, worker-friendly regulation has been brought in following pressure. The balance between worker power and corporate lobbying therefore sets an important terrain upon which platforms are established and developed. Broadly, gig work can be divided in two. This could either be microwork on platforms like Amazon Mechanical Turk, with the short tasks like image tagging or transcription, or the longer online freelancing on platforms like UpWork Woodcock and Graham, Clearly, the latter involves dynamics of outsourcing that build on increasingly globalized networks of digital logistics.

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Showing events: of next of Christmas events. New Year's Eve events. London has been home to some of the worlds most influential bands. It comes as no surprise then that London is literally crammed with exciting gigs and live music throughout the city, ranging from huge megastars playing Electric Brixton or Olympic Park , to the up and coming and underground artists at more intimate venues like The Underworld and Roundhouse.